How is phlebitis identified at an IV site?

Phlebitis at an IV site is identified by a combination of redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness along the vein. This presentation occurs because phlebitis is an inflammation of the vein, which can be caused by mechanical irritation, chemical irritation from infusates, or infection. The inflammation leads to localized symptoms such as redness, indicating increased blood flow to the area, and warmth due to the influx of inflammatory cells. Swelling may occur as a result of fluid accumulation and increased vascular permeability in the inflamed tissue, while tenderness reflects irritation of the surrounding tissues. Collectively, these signs indicate a problem with the venous access that may require intervention, making the recognition of these symptoms essential for appropriate management.