What complication is indicated by a sudden decrease in IV flow rate?

A sudden decrease in IV flow rate can indicate possible infiltration or occlusion. Infiltration occurs when the IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue rather than staying within the vein, often due to the catheter becoming dislodged or the vein being damaged. This leakage disrupts normal flow, resulting in a decreased flow rate. On the other hand, occlusion can occur if there is a blockage in the IV line, either from a kink in the catheter, a thrombus at the tip of the catheter, or a clot in the vein itself. Each scenario would contribute to diminished flow, prompting further assessment and potential interventions to resolve the issue.

While other complications like phlebitis, air embolism, and allergic reaction have their own set of indicators and symptoms, they do not typically present with a sudden decrease in flow rate as a primary sign. Phlebitis generally presents with localized pain, redness, or swelling along the vein. Air embolism is characterized by specific respiratory symptoms and may not always correlate directly with flow rate changes. Allergic reactions generally involve systemic reactions not closely related to changes in IV flow.