What condition is characterized by fluid leaking out of the blood vessel into surrounding tissues?

The condition characterized by fluid leaking out of a blood vessel into the surrounding tissues is extravasation. This occurs when intravenous fluids or medications intended to remain within the vascular system leak out and accumulate in the interstitial spaces, causing swelling and potential tissue damage. Extravasation often involves vesicant medications, which can cause significant harm if they come into contact with surrounding tissues, leading to complications such as necrosis.

Infiltration also describes a situation where fluid leaks into surrounding tissues, but it typically refers to non-vesicant fluids and may be considered a less severe complication than extravasation. Phlebitis involves inflammation of a vein, which can also result in discomfort or swelling, but it does not specifically describe the leakage of fluid into tissues. Embolism refers to a blockage in a blood vessel caused by a clot or foreign material but does not involve the leak of fluid. Understanding these differences is crucial in providing safe and effective vascular access therapy.