What is the major risk associated with central line placement?

The primary risk associated with central line placement is indeed infection. Central lines are inserted directly into major veins, providing access for long-term intravenous therapy, but their placement introduces a pathway for bacteria to enter the bloodstream. This is especially critical in settings such as intensive care units where patients may already have compromised immune systems.

Infection can lead to serious complications, including bloodstream infections (BSIs) and sepsis, which can significantly increase morbidity and mortality. Vigilance in sterile technique during insertion, maintenance of the line, and prompt removal of unnecessary lines are essential strategies for minimizing this risk.

While other risks such as pneumothorax, thrombosis, and air embolism are concerns in central line placement, they occur less frequently compared to infections. Pneumothorax can occur if the pleura is inadvertently punctured during insertion, while thrombosis refers to the formation of a clot in the vein, and air embolism results from air entering the vascular system. Each of these risks can be severe but do not match the prevalence and impact of infections associated with central lines.