What is the primary difference between peripheral and central vascular access?

The primary difference between peripheral and central vascular access lies in the size of the veins used for each type of access. Peripheral access involves smaller veins, typically located in the arms and hands, which are suitable for short-term therapy, medication administration, and hydration. In contrast, central access is conducted through larger veins, such as the jugular or subclavian veins, positioned closer to the heart. This allows for long-term use, administration of large volumes of fluids, and infusion of irritant medications or chemotherapeutic agents that might not be tolerated in smaller peripheral veins. Additionally, central access can facilitate easier blood draw and monitoring of central venous pressure, making it essential in certain clinical scenarios. Understanding this difference is crucial for effective vascular access therapy, as it guides the selection of the appropriate method based on the patient's needs and treatment duration.