What is the primary indication for using a central venous catheter?

The primary indication for using a central venous catheter is for long-term medication administration. Central venous catheters (CVCs) provide direct access to the central circulation, allowing for the delivery of medications that may be irritating to peripheral veins, such as chemotherapy agents, hyperosmolar solutions, or long-term antibiotics. They are especially useful for patients who require ongoing treatment over an extended period, as they can remain in place for weeks to months, facilitating easier access for repeated infusions or blood draws without the need for multiple peripheral venous punctures.

Central venous catheters are also beneficial in managing fluid status and providing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) when patients cannot eat or absorb nutrients orally, further supporting the need for durable access to the vascular system.