What sign may indicate the presence of a hematoma at the IV site?

The presence of a hematoma at the IV site is primarily indicated by swelling and discoloration around the area. A hematoma occurs when blood leaks out of the vein into the surrounding tissues, leading to localized swelling as the blood accumulates. This accumulation can also cause a change in color, typically a dark blue or purple hue, due to the deoxygenated blood pooling under the skin. Identifying these visual and physical signs is crucial for early intervention to prevent complications.

While pain and tenderness can also sometimes accompany a hematoma, they are not definitive signs on their own; they may result from other issues such as phlebitis or infiltration. Redness and warmth typically suggest inflammation rather than a hematoma, and an increased pulse rate may indicate systemic responses to pain or stress but does not specifically correlate with the presence of a hematoma at the IV site. Thus, the combination of swelling and discoloration stands out as the most direct indicator of a hematoma.